Mega structures are nowadays commonly seen almost everywhere in the
world. Because of the advancement of technology and the improvement of
machinery, tall sky scrapers and many other infrastructures are already
made possible. Ten engineering marvels of engineers are as follows.
10. Danyang Kunshan Grand Bridge
The
bridge was inaugurated on 30th of June in 2011. The Span of bridge is
260 feet with a basement of 2000 pillars carry the longest bridge with
the help of steel cables. Almost 10,000 workers built this bridge and
completed this mega project. The length of the Bridge is 540,700 ft.
(102 miles). This bridge passes over the water and crosses Yang Cheeng
Lake having a length of 6 miles. Danyang Kunshan Grand Bridge is the
part of Jinghu railroad, which is 819 miles long. The interesting thing
is that the two largest bridges suppressed by this Grand Bridge are also
of China. So, China is the country having 3 largest bridges in the
world. The bridge also consists over 450,000 tons of steel structure,
which explains the high number of workers involved.
9. Millau Viaduct Bridge
Bridges
are normally considered to be the engineer’s area of expertise rather
than the architect’s. But the architecture of infrastructure has a
powerful impact on environment. The Millau Viaduct, designed in
collaboration with engineers, illustrates how the architect can play an
integral role in bridge design. This bridge is located in Southern
France; the bridge connects the motorway from Paris to Barcelona
crossing the River Tarn, which runs through a wide gap between two
plateaus. A reading of the geography suggested two possible approaches:
to cross the river, the geological generator of the landscape; or there
was the challenge of distance of the 2.5 kilometers from one plateau to
the other.
The bridge has the best possible span between
cable-stayed columns. It is delicate, transparent, and uses the minimum
material, which makes it less costly to construct. Each of its sections
spans 350 meters and its columns range in height from 75 meters to 235
meters and is higher than the Eiffel Tower. This is further 90 meters
above the road deck. To accommodate the expansion and contraction of the
concrete deck, each column splits into two thinner, more flexible
columns below the roadway, forming an A-frame above deck level. This
structure creates a dramatic figure and crucially it makes the minimum
intervention in the landscape.
8. Three Gorges Dam
The
Three Gorges dam is the china's massive hydro-engineering ambition
which faces “urgent problems, in spite of the fact, the state council
said the dam had pressing geological, human and ecological problems. It
was identified in the report that the Gorges Dam had a dreadful impact
on downstream river transport and water supplies. Since the start of
construction in 1992 about 16m tons of concrete have been poured into
the giant barrier across the Yangtze River, creating a reservoir that
stretches almost the length of Britain and drives 26 giant turbines
which generates electricity.
The world’s biggest hydro-power
plant boasts a total generating capacity of 18,200 MW and the ability to
help domestic to deal with floods that threaten the Yangtze delta each
summer.
But it has proved expensive and controversial due to the
re-housing of 1.4 million people and the flooding of more than 1,000
towns and villages. Pollution, buildup and landslides have plagued the
reservoir area. Given the £24bn cost and political prestige at stake,
the government takes care for many years on the dam’s achievements.
7. The Large Hadron Collider
The
Large Hadron Collider is one of the greatest marvels of modern
technology. The fundamental quest of the human spirit enables us to
build an incredible über-accelerator to explore the very nature of
reality. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a colossal scientific
instrument near Geneva, spans between Switzerland and France. It is
about 100 meters underground. It was developed to boost the study of
smallest known particles by a gigantic tool that accelerates them. It
will revolutionize our understanding, from the diminutive knowledge of
world within atoms. Two beams of subatomic particles called “Hadrons”
either protons or lead ions, travel in opposite directions inside the
circular accelerator, gaining energy with every lap. Physicists use the
LHC to recreate the conditions by colliding the two beams head-on at
very high energy. Teams of physicists from around the world analyze the
particles created in the collisions using special detectors in a number
of experiments dedicated to the LHC.
Many studies about particle
physics and fundamental laws of nature have served the science for years
but the whole story is still not exposed. Large Hadrons Collider
discloses further knowledge of particles from experimental data through
high energies that reaches these small particles under study,
challenging those who seek confirmation of established knowledge.
6. Pan-STARRS
Pan-STARRS
is an acronym for Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response
System. It is an innovative design for a wide-field imaging facility
developed at the University of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy. In
order to observe entire available sky, the engineers combined relatively
small collection of mirrors with a large digital camera consequently
produced an economical observing system. The prototype single-mirror
telescope PS1 is now operational on Mount Haleakala; scientific research
program is being undertaken by the PS1 Science Consortium, a
collaboration between ten research organizations in four countries. A
key objective of Pan-STARRS is to identify and characterize
Earth-approaching objects, both asteroids & comets that might create
a danger to our planet. It's also ideal for research in several other
astronomical areas, particularly those which involve an aspect of time
inconsistency. Pan-STARRS make it to see the Objects in the Inner Solar
System and it is also capable to see the object outer the Solar System
and now we can see Galaxy properties better than ever before.
5. Langeled Pipeline
The
Langeled Pipeline is the longest underwater pipeline, measuring 746
miles (1,200 km) long from Norway to the U.K. Costing 10 million USD to
develop. It was constructed for Norwegian Hydro to carry 70 million
cubic yards (45 million m3) of gas to heat homes in the United Kingdom.
The Langeled project will provide 20 percent of overall gas supple to
United Kingdom. Lead by Ormen Lange, the project was completed in 2006;
nine years after Norwegian Hydro first discovered an oil field 2,953
feet (900 m) below the earth's surface in the sea. A total of 3,000
workers involved in the construction of this pipeline under the sea
using special equipment.
4. Hoover Dam
The
Hoover Dam is situated in Hill area known as Black Canyon between
Arizona and Nevada, around thirty miles from Las Vegas, at the bottom of
Lake Mead. During the Great recession, as jobs were not available,
thousands of men and their families came to Black Canyon to build the
Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam makes Arizona an inspiring sightseeing. The
project of Hoover Dam designed to change Colorado River into a
hydroelectric power source for the region's growing populace and
continuous water supply to the rest of Area. Before the dam was built,
the Colorado River flowed freely through Black Canyon. Today, the entire
area is changed into the Lake Mead National Recreation Area.
Construction
of the dam began in 1931 and completed by 1936, two years later than
schedule. Initially it was given a name as Boulder Dam, but it was
afterward renamed after President Herbert Hoover, who had been one of
the original proponents of the project. American Society of Civil
Engineers declares this dam of America's Seven Modern Civil Engineering
Wonders, and it also stands as a National Historic Landmark.
3. Aircraft Carrier USS GEORGE H.W. BUSH (CVN-77)
USS
George H. W. Bush, its Construction began in 2001 at the Northrop
Grumman Newport News shipyard and was completed in 2009 at a cost of
$6.2 billion. She is home ported at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia. USS
George H. W. Bush stretches 1,092 feet and displaces over 100,000 tons,
making her one of the world's largest warships (though she is slightly
shorter than USS Enterprise) but equipped with latest technology which
was not used before. Her top speed exceeds more than 30 knots and it is
powered with two nuclear reactors, she can operate for more than 20
years without refueling.
2. Floating Green Echo Cities
Lilypad
Project is the most amazing green wonders and certainly the extreme
from being built but, it is an amazing concept. The idea is to create
several floating independent maritime eco-city islands. Each one would
be able to provide accommodation to more than 50,000 residents and would
support a great deal of biodiversity. It has collecting pools at its
centers which assembles water and filter it for use. Two applications of
solar type are used. The first one is a semi-transparent solar window
is used, facing the open-air, inner vortex; and the second is a glass
with a printed array of solar cells spaced to create partial shading,
used as a solar roof material. In addition, when the structure is anchor
and as thrusters for force when Gyre is under way underwater nacelle’s
function both as tidal producer. The structure manages undersea
pressures and reduces stress due to its shape. Rainwater is harvested in
the inner vortex and gravity fed to the water purification system at
the base of the Gyre. Mechanical systems and emergency freshwater
storage is the deepest portion of the structure.
1. Pearl Bridge
Akashi
Kaikyo Bridge is the longest suspension bridge between Maiko in Tarumi
Ward and Kobe City with Matsuho in the northern part of Awaji Island
with a length of 3,911 meters and a central span of 1,991 meters. It is a
part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, running from Nishi Ward in
Kobe Cityand crossing the Akashi Strait, Awaji Island, and Naruto Strait
all the way to Naruto City in Tokushima Prefecture. At nighttime, the
lights decorating the cables of the bridge tower shine brightly in the
color of the rainbow at every hour and in the color of respective
birthstones every half an hour. Because of its captivating appearance
that looks like pearls strung together, this bridge is also called the
“Pearl Bridge.”
source:http://top10weirdandfunnylists.blogspot.com/2012/03/10-modern-engineering-marvels-in-world.html
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